Wash water maintenance for sustainable practices

ABSTRACT

Methods for use of enzymes for sustainable wash water maintenance are disclosed. The invention relates to use of enzymes for removing soils from wash water sources in a variety of cleaning applications. The invention cleans wash water sources, prevents the re-deposition of soils on treated surfaces and enhances detergency. Methods of wash water maintenance according to the invention provide sustainable practices by improving water quality and minimizing water and energy consumption in wash systems.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to use of enzymes for sustainable wash watertreatment and maintenance. In particular, the invention relates to useof enzymes for effectively removing soils from wash water sources, suchas the wash liquor or wash water solutions in a variety of cleaningapplications, namely sumps. The invention cleans wash water sources andprevents the re-deposition of soils on treated surfaces. The methodsaccording to the invention provide further benefits of improving theefficacy of detergents in treating surfaces, such as ware and washequipment, as a result of cleaning wash water sources. Methods of washwater maintenance according to the invention provide sustainablepractices by improving water quality and minimizing water and energyconsumption in wash systems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Enzymes have been employed in cleaning compositions since early in the20^(th) century. It was not until the mid 1960's when enzymes werecommercially available with both the pH stability and soil reactivityfor detergent applications. Enzymes are known as effective chemicals foruse with detergents and other cleaning agents to break down soils.Enzymes break down soils making them more soluble and enablingsurfactants to remove them from a surface and provided enhanced cleaningof a substrate.

Enzymes can provide desirable activity for removal of protein-based,carbohydrate-based, or triglyceride-based stains from substrates. As aresult, enzymes have been used for various cleaning applications inorder to digest or degrade soils such as grease, oils (e.g., vegetableoils or animal fat), protein, carbohydrate, or the like. For example,enzymes may be added as a component of a composition for laundry,textiles, ware washing, cleaning-in-place, drains, floors, carpets,medical or dental instruments, meat cutting tools, hard surfaces,personal care, or the like. However, enzyme cleaning products onlyfocused on ability to remove soils from substrates. Although enzymeproducts have evolved from simple powders containing alkaline proteaseto more complex granular compositions containing multiple enzymes andstill further to liquid compositions containing enzymes, there remains aneed for alternative cleaning applications for enzymes.

Accordingly, it is an objective of the invention to develop methods foruse of enzymes to remove soils from wash water sources.

A further object of the invention is to develop methods for improvingsustainability of cleaning processes, such as decreasing the amounts ofwater and energy required for such processes through the cleaning ofwash water sources with enzymes.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method for washing a wash water source is provided according to theinvention. The method includes steps of generating an enzyme compositionand cleaning a wash water source. A method for removing soils andimproving quality of waste water from a wash water source is alsoprovided according to the invention. The method includes generating anenzyme composition and washing a wash water source with an aqueous usesolution, wherein the washing removes soils from the wash water sourceto improve the quality of a waste water source generated from said washwater source.

The enzyme composition according to embodiments of the invention formsan aqueous use solution that can be obtained by contacting the enzymecomposition with water, and allowing the formed aqueous use solution todrain from the enzyme composition. According to an alternativeembodiment, the aqueous use solution can be obtained by contacting adetergent composition and an enzyme composition or a combinationdetergent/enzyme composition with water, and allowing the formed aqueoususe solution to drain from the detergent and enzyme compositions. Thedetergent composition and enzyme composition may be formulated incombination or separately according to use in the methods of theinvention. The active level of the aqueous use solution is adjusted to adesired level through control of variables such as the amount of activeenzymes in the detergent and enzyme compositions, length of time and thetemperature at which the water contacts the detergent and enzymecompositions.

The particular enzyme or combination of enzymes for use in the methodsof the invention depends upon the conditions of final utility, includingthe physical product form, use pH, use temperature, and soil types to becleaned with a wash water source. The enzyme or combination of enzymesare selected to provide optimum activity and stability for a given setof utility conditions as one skilled in the art will recognize based onthe disclosure of the claimed invention.

These and other methods described herein according to the inventionprovide the benefit of sustainably treating wash water sources. Forexample, methods of cleaning wash water sources with enzymes decreasethe total amount of water needed for cleaning applications. Such waterreduction is a result of significantly decreasing the frequency at whichwash water needs to be replaced with a clean wash water source. Thispresents a significant advantage over prior art cleaning applications,where wash water sources need to be frequently replaced in order tominimize the re-depositing of soils from wash water sources that arerecirculated in a cleaning system. Traditionally, without the frequentreplacement of soiled wash water sources with clean wash water suchsoils will re-deposit in a cleaning system. This need is significantlyminimized, if not obviated, according to the advantages provided by thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The embodiments of this invention are not limited to particular methodsof cleaning wash water sources, removing soils from wash water andimproving the quality of wash water, which can vary and are understoodby skilled artisans. It is further to be understood that all terminologyused herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodimentsonly, and is not intended to be limiting in any manner or scope. Forexample, as used in this specification and the appended claims, thesingular forms “a,” “an” and “the” can include plural referents unlessthe content clearly indicates otherwise. Further, all units, prefixes,and symbols may be denoted in its SI accepted form. Numeric rangesrecited within the specification are inclusive of the numbers definingthe range and include each integer within the defined range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which embodiments of the invention pertain. Many methods andmaterials similar, modified, or equivalent to those described herein canbe used in the practice of the embodiments of the present inventionwithout undue experimentation, the preferred materials and methods aredescribed herein. In describing and claiming the embodiments of thepresent invention, the following terminology will be used in accordancewith the definitions set out below.

The term “about,” as used herein, refers to variation in the numericalquantity that can occur, for example, through typical measuring andliquid handling procedures used for making concentrates or use solutionsin the real world; through inadvertent error in these procedures;through differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of theingredients used to make the compositions or carry out the methods; andthe like. The term “about” also encompasses amounts that differ due todifferent equilibrium conditions for a composition resulting from aparticular initial mixture. Whether or not modified by the term “about”,the claims include equivalents to the quantities refers to variation inthe numerical quantity that can occur.

The term “wash water,” “wash water source,” “wash liquor,” “wash watersolution,” and the like, as used herein, refer to water sources thathave been contaminated with soils from a cleaning application and areused to circulate or re-circulate water containing detergents or othercleaning agents used in cleaning applications to treat various surfaces.According to certain regulated cleaning applications, wash water isrequired to be regularly discarded and replaced with clean water for useas wash water in cleaning applications. For example, certain regulationsrequire wash water to be replaced at least every four hours to maintainsufficiently clean water sources for cleaning applications. Wash water,according to the invention, is not limited according to the source ofwater. Exemplary water sources suitable for use as a wash water sourceinclude, but are not limited to, water from a municipal water source, orprivate water system, e.g., a public water supply or a well, or anywater source containing some hardness ions. Accordingly, wash water isunderstood to only exclude deionized water sources which are known todeactivate enzymes.

The term “weight percent,” “wt-%,” “percent by weight,” “% by weight,”and variations thereof, as used herein, refer to the concentration of asubstance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight ofthe composition and multiplied by 100. It is understood that, as usedhere, “percent,” “%,” and the like are intended to be synonymous with“weight percent,” “wt-%,” etc.

According to an embodiment of the invention, wash water solutions arecleaned by enzymes in order to provide sustainable water maintenancemethods and enhance cleaning of treated surfaces through improvements indetergency. Enzymes are used according to the methods of the inventionto effectively remove soils from wash water in order to clean wash waterand provide enhanced longevity of use of such wash water for cleaningapplications as well as enhance the quality of discarded waste watersources. In addition, the methods of using enzymes to clean a wash watersource further promote cleaning of various surfaces, including ware,sump and the wash equipment surfaces itself, such as the interior of awashing machine by improving the detergency of the cleaning application.

Methods of Use

The methods of using enzyme compositions according to the inventioninclude cleaning a wash water solution. The methods of use of enzymecompositions according to the invention further include methods ofremoving soils and improving the quality of waste water sources fromwash water in various cleaning applications. According to embodiments ofthe invention, enzymes reduce or eliminate soil content in wash watersources. Preferred embodiments of the invention provide completeelimination of soil levels in a wash water source with the use ofenzymes according to the methods of the invention. Additional benefitsof providing enhanced cleaning and sustainability are also describedaccording to the invention.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, methods of cleaningwash water sources further result in the prevention of and removal ofsoil buildup on the interior surfaces of cleaning equipment and treatedsurfaces contained therein. Such surfaces may be either removable orpermanent surfaces of cleaning equipment.

According to the methods of the invention, enzyme compositions may beintroduced, for example, manually or by a dispenser, pump, pump andcontrol system or other means into a wash water source. According to theinvention, an aqueous use solution for cleaning a wash water source isgenerated by adding an enzyme composition to a water source. In numerouscleaning applications the water source will be the wash water source.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, an aqueous usesolution may be generated by adding an enzyme composition, detergentcomposition or a combined enzyme and detergent composition to a watersource, such as the wash water source. According to the invention, thedetergent composition and enzyme composition may be formulated either incombination or separately.

According to the invention, the active level of enzyme in the aqueoususe solution may be modified according to the precise requirements ofthe cleaning application. For example, the amount of enzyme formulatedinto the enzyme composition may vary. Alternatively, as one skilled inthe art will appreciate, the active level of the aqueous use solutionmay be adjusted to a desired level through control of the wash time,water temperature at which the water source contacts the enzymecomposition or the enzyme and detergent composition in order to form theaqueous use solution and the detergent selection and concentration.According to a preferred embodiment, an aqueous use solution comprisesbetween approximately 0.1 ppm and 100 ppm enzyme, preferably betweenabout 0.5 ppm and about 50 ppm, and more preferably betweenapproximately 1 ppm and 20 ppm enzyme.

According to further embodiments of the invention, the amount of enzymeneeded to clean and remove soils from a particular wash water sourcevaries according to the type of cleaning application and the soilsencountered in such applications. According to various embodiments ofthe invention, levels of enzymes in an aqueous use solution areeffective at or below approximately 0.1 ppm, 0.5 ppm or 1 ppm. Accordingto alternative embodiments, use levels of enzymes may be as great as 100ppm, with most applications utilizing enzymes in aqueous use solutionsbetween approximately 1-10 ppm.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods according to theinvention can be used for a variety of cleaning applications, such asware washing, laundry washing, and other applications. For example, warewashing applications according to the invention may include ware washsump cleaning, ware wash machine cleaning (automated and/or manual) andholding tank cleaning. Laundry applications according to the inventionmay include the cleaning of laundry sumps. Additional cleaningapplications may include cleaning of waste water in vehicle careapplications, such as the cleaning of wash water solutions contactingoils, grease and other soils. Still further, cleaning applications inhealth care may further benefit from the methods according to theinvention, including for example, cleaning waste water or rinse watersources for cleaning applications used in health care facilities.

The methods according to the invention may further be used in any washwater treatment application wherein water sustainability is desired.According to the embodiments of the invention, cleaning a wash watersource by removing soils from the water increases the time frame inwhich water changes are required, such that less water is used due todecreased need to replace wash water. The use of enzymes to clean thewash water source improves the wash water quality and permits prolongeduse of the wash water source. Such prolonged use decreases the volume ofclean water used in a cleaning application and decreases the amount ofenergy used to heat wash water sources for various cleaningapplications. As an additional benefit, the quality of waste waterdisposed of from a cleaning application is improved, providingenvironmental benefits.

Enzyme Compositions

The enzyme compositions for use in the methods according to theinvention provide enzymes for washing, removing soils and improving thequality of waste water from a wash water source. The purpose of theenzyme composition is to break down adherent soils, such as starch orproteinaceous materials, typically found in soiled surfaces and removedby a detergent composition into a wash water source. The enzymecompositions decrease and/or eliminate the soils in wash water sourcesonce the soils become readily dispersed into the wash water by adetergent or other cleaning agent.

Exemplary types of enzymes which can be incorporated into the enzymecomposition according to the invention include amylase, protease,lipase, cellulase, cutinase, gluconase, peroxidase and/or mixturesthereof. An enzyme composition according to the invention may employmore than one enzyme, from any suitable origin, such as vegetable,animal, bacterial, fungal or yeast origin. According to an embodiment ofthe invention, the enzyme composition includes at least two differentenzymes. According to a further embodiment of the invention, mixtures ofthe same class of enzymes are incorporated into an enzyme composition,such as a mixture of various amylase enzymes.

Examples of commercially-available amylase enzymes are available underthe following trade names: Purastar, Purastar ST, HP AmL, Maxamyl,Duramyl, Termamyl and Stainzyme. Examples of commercially-availableprotease enzymes are available under the following trade names:Purafect, Purafect L, Purafect Ox, Everlase, Liquanase, Savinase,Esperase, Prime L, Prosperase and Blap. Lipases are commerciallyavailable, for example, under the trade name Lipex and Lipolase.Cellulase enzymes are commercially-available, for example, under thetrade name Celluzyme.

According to the invention, the enzyme composition may be varied basedon the particular cleaning application and the types of soils in need ofcleaning. For example, the temperature of a particular cleaningapplication will impact the enzymes selected for an enzyme compositionaccording to the invention. Ware wash applications, for example, cleansubstrates at temperatures in excess of approximately 105° F. andenzymes such as amylases and proteases are desirable due to theirability to retain activity at such elevated temperatures.

In addition, as one skilled in the art shall ascertain, enzymes aredesigned to work with specific types of soils. For example, according toan embodiment of the invention, ware wash applications may use anamylase enzyme as it is effective at the high temperatures of the warewash machines and is effective in reducing starchy, carbohydrate-basedsoils. Although not limiting the present invention, it is believed thatamylase can be advantageous for cleaning soils containing starch.Amylase enzymes can be obtained from any suitable source, such asbacterial strains, barley malt, certain animal glandular tissues and anyothers known to the art. Amylase enzymes may include those which arereferred to as alpha-amylases, beta-amylases, iso-amylases,pullulanases, maltogenic amylases, amyloglucosidases, and glucoamylases,as well as other amylases enzymes not particularly identified herein.These also include endo- and exo-active amylases.

According to an alternative embodiment, methods of cleaning wash watersources in a laundry machine may use a combination of amylase andprotease enzymes in order to most effectively prevent starch, proteinsand oils from hindering detergent performance. Although not limiting thepresent invention, it is believed that protease can be advantageous forcleaning soils containing protein, such as blood, cutaneous scales,mucus, grass, food (e.g., egg, milk, spinach, meat residue, tomatosauce), or the like. Protease enzymes are capable of cleavingmacromolecular protein links of amino acid residues and convertsubstrates into small fragments that are readily dissolved or dispersedinto a wash water source. Proteases are often referred to as detersiveenzymes due to the ability to break soils through the chemical reactionknown as hydrolysis. Protease enzymes can be obtained, for example, fromBacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus.Protease enzymes are also commercially available as serineendoproteases.

According to an additional embodiment of the invention, a cellulose orlipase enzyme may be incorporated into an enzyme composition. Althoughnot limiting the present invention, it is believed that cellulase can beadvantageous for cleaning soils containing cellulose or containingcellulose fibers that serve as attachment points for other soil.Although not limiting to the present invention, it is believed thatlipase enzymes can be advantageous for cleaning soils containing fat,oil, or wax, such as animal or vegetable fat, oil, or wax (e.g., saladdressing, butter, lard, chocolate, lipstick). Both cellulase and lipaseenzymes can be derived from a plant, an animal, or a microorganism, suchas a fungus or a bacterium. A cellulase or lipase enzyme can be purifiedor a component of an extract, and either wild type or variant (eitherchemical or recombinant).

Additional enzymes suitable for certain embodiments of the inventioninclude cutinase, peroxidase, gluconase, and the like. Suitable enzymesare described for example in WO 8809367 (cutinase), WO 89099813 and WO8909813 (peroxidases), and WO 9307263 and WO 9307260 (gluconase). Knownperoxidase enzymes include horseradish peroxidase, ligninase, andhaloperoxidases such as chloro- or bromo-peroxidase. Peroxidase enzymescan be used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g., percarbonate,perborate, hydrogen peroxide, and the like. Each of these enzymes may bederived from a plant, an animal, or a microorganism and can be purifiedor a component of an extract, and either wild type or variant (eitherchemical or recombinant).

The enzyme compositions according to the invention may be an independententity and/or may be formulated in combination with a detergentcomposition. According to an embodiment of the invention, an enzymecomposition may be formulated into a detergent composition in eitherliquid or solid formulations. In addition, enzyme compositions may beformulated into various delayed or controlled release formulations. Forexample, a solid molded detergent composition may be prepared withoutthe addition of heat. As a skilled artisan will appreciate, enzymes tendto become denatured by the application of heat and therefore use ofenzymes within detergent compositions require methods of forming adetergent compositions that does not rely upon heat as a step in theformation process, such as solidification.

The enzyme composition may further be obtained commercially in a solid(i.e., puck, powder, etc.) or liquid formulation. Commercially-availableenzymes are generally combined with stabilizers, buffers, cofactors andinert vehicles. The actual active enzyme content depends upon the methodof manufacture, which is well known to a skilled artisan and suchmethods of manufacture are not critical to the present invention.

Additional description of enzyme compositions suitable for use accordingto the invention is disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,670,549,7,723,281, 7,670,549, 7,553,806, 7,491,362, 6,638,902, 6,624,132,6,197,739 and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/642,091 filed Dec.18, 2009 titled “Multiple Enzyme Cleaner for Surgical Instruments andEndoscopes,” 11/279,654, filed Apr. 13, 2006 titled “Stable SolidCompositions of Spores, Bacteria, Fungi and/or Enzyme,” 10/654,333,filed Sep. 2, 2003 titled “Stable Solid Enzyme Compositions and MethodsEmploying Them,” the contents of which are incorporated by reference inits entirety. In addition, the reference “Industrial Enzymes”, Scott,D., in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Edition,(editors Grayson, M. and EcKroth, D.) Vol. 9, pp. 173-224, John Wiley &Sons, New York, 1980 is incorporated herein in its entirety.

Enzyme Stabilizers

The enzyme compositions for use in the methods of the present inventionmay further include enzyme stabilizers. One skilled in the art willascertain suitable enzyme stabilizers and/or stabilizing systems forenzyme compositions suitable for use according to the invention, such asthose described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,569,532 and 6,638,902,which are incorporated herein in their entirety. According to anembodiment of the invention, an enzyme stabilizing system may include amixture of carbonate and bicarbonate and can also include otheringredients to stabilize certain enzymes or to enhance or maintain theeffect of the mixture of carbonate and bicarbonate. An enzyme stabilizermay further include boron compounds or calcium salts. For example,enzyme stabilizers may be boron compounds selected from the groupconsisting of boronic acid, boric acid, borate, polyborate andcombinations thereof.

Enzyme stabilizers may also include chlorine bleach scavengers added toprevent chlorine bleach species present from attacking and inactivatingthe enzymes especially under alkaline conditions. As one skilled in theart shall ascertain, methods according to the invention are based uponthe activity of enzyme compositions cleaning wash water sources.Therefore, suitable chlorine scavenger anions may be added as an enzymestabilizer to prevent the deactivation of the enzyme compositionsaccording to the invention. Exemplary chlorine scavenger anions includesalts containing ammonium cations with sulfite, bisulfite, thiosulfite,thiosulfate, iodide, etc. Antioxidants such as carbamate, ascorbate,etc., organic amines such as ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) oralkali metal salt thereof, monoethanolamine (MEA), and mixtures thereofcan also be used.

According to alternative embodiments of the invention, the enzymecompositions for use in the methods of the present invention arepreferably free of enzyme stabilizers. According to a preferredembodiment, the enzyme compositions are free of any enzyme-stabilizingCa or Mg source.

Detergent Compositions

Methods according to the invention use an aqueous use solution which maycomprise a detergent composition in combination with the enzymecomposition. The methods according to the invention are directed tocleaning a wash water source, having numerous beneficial results,including enhancing the detergency of a cleaning agent used incombination with the methods of the invention. According to anembodiment of the invention, enzymes are cleaning the wash water and notsubstrates within a cleaning application, largely due to the shortduration of contact between enzymes and a substrate. However, the enzymecompositions according to the invention assist in cleaning substrates ofa cleaning application by enhancing the ability of a detergent to workin the water rather than being consumed by the soils in the wash water.As a result, a detergent composition is more effective on the surface ofthe substrates for cleaning purposes.

According to the invention, the detergent composition may be liquids orsolids, including for example molded compositions, as are appreciated bythose skilled in the art. Pastes and gels can be considered types ofliquid. Powders, agglomerates, pellets, tablets, and blocks can beconsidered types of solid. For example, detergent compositions may beprovided in the form of blocks, pellets, powders (i.e., mixture ofgranular dry material), agglomerates and/or liquids under roomtemperature and atmosphere pressure conditions. Powder detergents areoften prepared by mixing dry materials or by mixing a slurry and dryingthe slurry. Pellets and blocks are typically provided with a size thatis determined by the shape or configuration of the mold or extruderthrough which the detergent composition is compressed. Pellets aregenerally characterized as having an average diameter of about 0.5 cm toabout 2 cm. Blocks are generally characterized as having an averagediameter of greater than about 2 cm, preferably between about 2 cm andabout 2 ft, and can have an average diameter of between about 2 cm andabout 1 ft. According to a preferred embodiment, a solid block is atleast 50 grams.

According to certain embodiments of the invention, the detergentcomposition is substantially free of phosphorous. Substantiallyphosphorous-free refers to a composition to which phosphorous-containingcompounds are not added. In an exemplary embodiment, the cleaningcomposition includes less than approximately 10% phosphates,phosphonates, and phosphites, or mixtures thereof by weight. Preferably,the detergent composition includes less than approximately 5%phosphates, phosphonates, and phosphites by weight. More preferably, thedetergent composition includes less than approximately 1% phosphates,phosphonates, and phosphites by weight. Most preferably, the detergentcomposition includes less than approximately 0.1% phosphates,phosphonates, and phosphites by weight.

Additional description of detergent compositions, and methods offormation of the same, suitable for use according to the invention aredisclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,674,763, 7,153,820,7,094,746 and 6,924,257 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/695,370,filed Jan. 28, 2010 titled “Method for Washing an Article using a MoldedDetergent Composition,” the contents of which are incorporated byreference in its entirety.

Use of detergent compositions with the aqueous use solution according tothe invention can be used in conventional detergent dispensingequipment. For example, commercially available detergent dispensingequipment which can be used according to the invention are availableunder the name Solid System™ from Ecolab, Inc. Use of such dispensingequipment results in the erosion of a detergent composition by a watersource to form the aqueous use solution according to the invention.

Additional Components

Methods according to the invention using an aqueous use solution mayfurther comprise additional components to be used in combination withthe enzyme composition, detergent composition and/or combination enzymeand detergent composition. Additional components which can beincorporated into the enzyme composition, detergent composition,combined enzyme and detergent composition and/or added independently tothe water source include solvents, dyes, fragrances, anti-redepositionagents, corrosion inhibitors, buffering agents, defoamers, antimicrobialagents, preservatives, chelators, bleaching agents and combinations ofthe same.

Exemplary aesthetic additives which can be used as additional componentsinclude dyes and fragrances, such as dye #2, and a preferred fragranceincludes lemon fragrance. Exemplary anti-redeposition agents which canbe incorporated according to the invention include sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, and hydroxypropyl cellulose.Exemplary corrosion inhibitors which can be incorporated according tothe invention include triethanolamine, and doderylamine. Numerousadditional corrosion inhibitors can be incorporated and are described,for example, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/617,419, filed Nov.12, 2009 titled “Warewashing Composition for Use in AutomaticDishwashing Machines, and Methods for Manufacturing and Using,” thecontents of which are incorporated by reference in its entirety.Additional anti-etch agents can be further utilized to reduce theetching or corrosion found on certain surfaces treated with detergentcompositions. Examples of suitable anti-etch agents include adding metalions to the composition such as zinc, zinc chloride, zinc gluconate,aluminum, and beryllium. However, according to certain embodiments ofthe invention, anti-etch agents are not required for use of the methodsof the present invention.

Exemplary buffering agents which can be incorporated according to theinvention include sodium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, andsodium borate. Exemplary defoamers which can be incorporated accordingto the invention include polymeric silicone derivatives, and alkynolderivatives. Exemplary antimicrobial agents which can be incorporatedmay include paraben materials such as propyl paraben. Additionalantimicrobial agents which can be incorporated according to theinvention include tert-amylphenol, quaternary ammonium compounds, andactive halogen containing compounds. Exemplary chelators which can beincorporated according to the invention include nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to help control scale,remove soils, and/or sequester metal ions such as calcium, magnesium andiron.

Bleaching agents may also be incorporated according to the invention inorder to lighten or whiten a substrate, and can include bleachingcompounds capable of liberating an active halogen species, such as Cl₂,Br₂—OCl— and/or —OBr—, or the like, under conditions typicallyencountered during the cleansing process. Examples of suitable bleachingagents include, but are not limited to: chlorine-containing compoundssuch as chlorine, a hypochlorite or chloramines. Examples of suitablehalogen-releasing compounds include, but are not limited to: alkalimetal dichloroisocyanurates, alkali metal hypochlorites, monochloramine,and dichloroamine. Encapsulated chlorine sources may also be used toenhance the stability of the chlorine source in the composition (see,for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,618,914 and 4,830,773, the disclosures ofwhich are incorporated by reference herein). The bleaching agent mayalso include an agent containing or acting as a source of active oxygen.The active oxygen compound acts to provide a source of active oxygen andmay release active oxygen in aqueous solutions. An active oxygencompound can be inorganic, organic or a mixture thereof. Examples ofsuitable active oxygen compounds include, but are not limited to:peroxygen compounds, peroxygen compound adducts, hydrogen peroxide,perborates, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, phosphate peroxyhydrates,potassium permonosulfate, and sodium perborate mono and tetrahydrate,with and without activators such as tetraacetylethylene diamine. It isto be appreciated by a skilled artisan that certain embodiments of theinvention preferably use compositions that are chlorine-free to promotethe use of enzymes according to the invention.

One skilled in the art shall ascertain additional components that may beused in combination with the methods of the present invention.

All publications and patent applications in this specification areindicative of the level of ordinary skill in the art to which thisinvention pertains. All publications and patent applications are hereinincorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individualpublication or patent application was specifically and individuallyindicated by reference.

EXAMPLES

Embodiments of the present invention are further defined in thefollowing non-limiting Examples. It should be understood that theseExamples, while indicating certain embodiments of the invention, aregiven by way of illustration only. From the above discussion and theseExamples, one skilled in the art can ascertain the essentialcharacteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spiritand scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of theembodiments of the invention to adapt it to various usages andconditions. Thus, various modifications of the embodiments of theinvention, in addition to those shown and described herein, will beapparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description.Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of theappended claims.

Example 1

Field testing evaluated the viability of adding an enzyme to Apex™ warewashing detergent in order to reduce starch levels in the wash water ofa commercial dish machine sump. Testing hypothesized that achieving areduction in starch would necessitate less detergent for food soilswhile yielding better glassware results. A positive test result for aproduct was achieved if compared to baseline product the formulationwith the enzyme composition demonstrated decrease in starch levels inthe dish machine sump. In addition comparable capsule yield andglassware results were analyzed. Power Fusion™ was used as the baselineproduct (control) having the following formulation:

Raw Material % of Formula Potassium Hydroxide 9.1Hydroxyethylidene-diphosphonic acid 6.3 Corrosion Inhibitor 0.1 NonionicSurfactant 3.7 Sodium Carbonate 49.5 STPP 25.0 Silicate 3 Enzyme 0Chlorine 3.3 TOTAL 100.0

Baseline testing consisted of monitoring detergent product usage throughtotal rinse time, rack counts and product inventory for several months.In addition, the general condition of the glassware was observed. Weeklyfield testing was completed to obtain the following data for theenzyme-containing formulation: product yield (rinse time, rack countsand product inventory); product performance (glass and silverwaresamples were monitored to check for significant increases or decreasesin ware quality); customer perception; and starch levels (water sampleswere taken from the dish machine sump and tested for the presence ofstarch). Starch levels were obtained and measured according to thefollowing methods: (1) Obtain sump sample and store in refrigerator tohalt the enzyme process and preserves the sample from spoilage; (2)Remove sample from refrigerator and shake to mix solution; (3) Dose outa volumetric amount of 50 mls into a graduated cylinder; (4) Usingsuction filtration, pour sample into the filter apparatus; (5) Add twodisposable pipets of iodine solution (taken from a starch amylase test)to the solution in the filter apparatus (approximately 4 mL); (6) Waituntil all liquid is drawn through and only the soil remains on thefilter paper; (7) Turn off suction and remove filter paper to set asideto dry.

The enzyme tested was an amylase enzyme. Formulations were adjusted toremove chlorine and increase sodium carbonate concentration from theabove baseline ware wash formula. The amylase enzymes are commerciallyavailable as Purastar ST (RM320039) and Stainzyme 12T (320100).Formulations using a 1% Amylase and 0.1% Amylase were tested. The enzymewas subsequently switched to Stainzyme for further testing of adifferent amylase enzyme. Formulations using a 0.1% Stainzyme and 0.05%Stainzyme were also tested. Starch levels were tested weekly in the sumpand were analyzed by visual assessments obtained from grossquantification through filtration. The presence of starch on the filterpaper was indicated by blue and brown specs on the filter paper.

The tested enzyme products had the following formulations:

% of % of % of Raw Material Formula Formula Formula Potassium Hydroxide9.1 9.1 9.1 Hydroxyethylidene-diphosphonic acid 6.3 6.3 6.3 CorrosionInhibitor 0.1 0.1 0.1 Nonionic Surfactant 3.7 3.7 3.7 Sodium Carbonate51.8 52.7 52.75 STPP 25.0 25.0 25.0 Silicate 3 3 3 Enzyme 1.0 0.1 0.05Chlorine 0 0 0 TOTAL 100 100 100

Results. Change from baseline detergent use to 1.0% Amylase resulted inan initial increase in starch levels, hypothesized to result from theenzymes removal of starch built-up on the sump walls. Once this starchwas removed, the enzyme was able to handle the normal, daily starchload, with little to no starch detected in the sump by week four. Theware wash systems were subsequently switched from 1% to 0.1% Amylaseproduct. An initial increase in starch levels were observed in the sump.This elevated starch level was observed for four weeks. Thereafter, thelevel detected increased over the next five weeks.

After completed testing with the Amylase formulas, the enzyme Stainzymewas tested. First, another Apex™ baseline was conducted for two weeksand tested for the presence of starch. Thereafter, the 0.1% Stainzymeformula was used. An initial increase in the starch levels was againdetected. The peak, similar to the one observed in the Apex™ baselinefor the Amylase test was hypothesized to result from the enzyme cleaningthe starch build-up off the walls of the sump that had accumulatedduring normal Apex™ use. By week three the starch levels subsided. Theware wash systems were subsequently switched from 0.1% Stainzyme productto the 0.05% formulation. Immediately upon switching to the 0.05%Stainzyme formula, starch level increased. Notably, a reverse osmosiswater treatment system was installed for the ware wash machine duringtesting with the 0.05% Stainzyme formulation, likely deactivating theenzyme.

Both amylase enzyme formulations, Amylase and Stainzyme, reduced starchlevels in the sump of the treated ware wash systems, while maintaininggood cleaning performance on the wares. Increased concentration of theenzymes provided enhanced results. For the Amylase product, the 1.0%formulation took approximately four weeks to clean out the sump and thenmaintained a very low starch level compared to the Apex™ baseline.However, when the concentration of Amylase was reduced the starch levelsincreased. For the Stainzyme product, the 0.1% formula took only threeweeks to clean out the sump and to yield low starch levels. When theStainzyme concentration was reduced, the starch levels in the sumpincreased as this lower level of enzyme was unable to keep up with thestarch loads introduced to the sump.

In addition to monitoring starch levels, customer feedback and productperformance did not change throughout the testing, illustrating nosignificant change, either increase or decrease, in the amount ofstreaking and spotting on glassware.

The inventions being thus described, it will be obvious that the samemay be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as adeparture from the spirit and scope of the inventions and all suchmodifications are intended to be included within the scope of thefollowing claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for cleaning a wash water sourcecomprising: (a) generating an aqueous use solution by contacting anenzyme composition with water, wherein said aqueous use solution isbetween approximately 0.1 ppm and 100 ppm enzyme; and (b) cleaning awash water source with said aqueous use solution.
 2. The method of claim1, wherein said enzyme is an amylase.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereinsaid enzyme is a protease.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said enzymeis a lipase.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said enzyme is acombination of one or more amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase,cutinase, gluconase and/or peroxidase enzymes.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein said aqueous use solution further comprises a detergentcomposition.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said detergentcomposition is a liquid or solid molded detergent composition.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising adding a detergent composition toclean substrates contacted with said detergent and wash water source. 9.The method of claim 8, wherein said washing step further compriseswashing a plurality of substrates contacted with said detergentcomposition and demonstrating enhanced detergency over cleaningapplications without wash water sources cleaned with said aqueous usesolution.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said substrates areselected from the group consisting of textiles, ware, hard surfaces suchas health care instruments, vehicle care surfaces and combinations ofthe same.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said enzyme compositionfurther comprises at least one additional component selected from thegroup consisting of solvents, dyes, fragrances, anti-redepositionagents, corrosion inhibitors, buffering agents, defoamers,anti-microbial agents, preservatives, chelators and combinations of thesame.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein said aqueous use solution isbetween approximately 0.1 ppm and about 50 ppm enzyme.
 13. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said aqueous use solution is between approximately 0.1ppm and 20 ppm enzyme.
 14. A method for removing soils and improvingquality of waste water from a wash water source comprising: (a)generating aqueous use solution by contacting an enzyme composition witha water source, wherein said aqueous use solution has betweenapproximately 0.1 ppm and 100 ppm enzyme; and (b) washing a wash watersource with said aqueous use solution, wherein said washing removessoils from said wash water source to improve the quality of a wastewater source generated from said wash water source.
 15. The method ofclaim 14, wherein said removal of soil is quantified by a reduction insoil levels in said wash water source.
 16. The method of claim 14,wherein said enzyme is an amylase.
 17. The method of claim 14, whereinsaid enzyme is a protease.
 18. The method of claim 14, wherein saidenzyme is a combination of one or more amylase, protease, lipase,cellulase, cutinase, gluconase and/or peroxidase enzymes.
 19. The methodof claim 14, wherein said aqueous use solution further comprises aliquid or solid detergent composition.
 20. The method of claim 14,wherein said enzyme composition further comprises at least oneadditional component selected from the group consisting of solvents,dyes, fragrances, anti-redeposition agents, corrosion inhibitors,buffering agents, defoamers, anti-microbial agents, preservatives,chelators and combinations of the same.
 21. The method of claim 14,wherein said aqueous use solution is between approximately 0.1 ppm andabout 50 ppm enzyme.
 22. The method of claim 14, wherein said aqueoususe solution is between approximately 0.1 ppm and 20 ppm enzyme.
 23. Amethod for enhancing sustainability of wash water cleaning applicationscomprising: (a) generating an aqueous use solution by contacting anenzyme composition and detergent composition with water, wherein saidaqueous use solution is between approximately 0.1 ppm and 100 ppm; and(b) cleaning a wash water source with said aqueous use solution; and (c)enhancing sustainability of said wash water source.
 24. The method ofclaim 23, wherein said enzyme is a member selected from the groupconsisting of amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, cutinase, gluconase,peroxidase and combinations of the same.